资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
广西:用好“周转池” 编制活起来****** 广西建立编制周转机制,解决中小学教职工缺编难题—— 用好“周转池” 编制活起来 近日,广西北海市建立全市中小学教职工编制“周转池”,形成“全市一体、余缺调剂、精准投放”的中小学教职工编制管理机制。目前,通过“周转池”共为市本级、海城区和银海区补充了264个中小学教职工周转编制,有效化解了编制闲置和编制不足的结构性矛盾。 针对广西中小学教师编制保障历史欠账较多的困境,按照广西党委编委的部署,党委编办会同教育、财政、人社等部门制定出台了《建立编制“周转池”制度推动中小学教职工编制全面达到国家标准的实施方案》,依托大数据管理手段在全区范围内统筹近6万个事业编制,在秋季开学前全部投放到各地中小学,实现区、市、县全面达标,历史性解决中小学教职工缺编问题。 “大数据”统筹建“周转池” 南宁市流动人口随迁子女人数多,“入学难”一直是群众反映较集中的焦点问题。为破解这一难题,“十三五”时期,南宁市共建成投入使用公办中小学105所,但编制紧缺问题依然难以解决。 2020年,南宁市委编办通过回收调剂事业单位空编、核定“聘用教师控制数”等方式,为全市中小学增核了7000多个编制控制数。2021年,南宁市把破解中小学教职工编制紧缺问题作为缓解“入学难”问题的着眼点和着力点,核查中小学事业编制缺口,抓住广西党委编办探索建立编制“周转池”的有利时机,争取到9977个中小学教职工周转编制。 今年9月,南宁市将9977个中小学教职工周转编制全部下达到市本级中小学和县(市、区),“入学难”问题得到进一步缓解。 广西在不改变各级各事业单位编制数的前提下,把“沉淀”的空编“使用权”汇集起来,调剂用于基础教育领域,有效解决了“无米下锅”的问题。 “区、市、县”联动整体调控 2021年,柳州市建立中小学教职工编制“周转池”制度,并将4394个“周转池”事业编制全部投放至全市各级中小学,专用于中小学教师用编保障。 2021年,在柳州高中—柳城中学教共体开展“市招县用”编制管理改革试点,从柳城县统筹10个教师编制,由市委编委按照有关规定核定给柳州高中使用,柳高派出10名优秀骨干教师到柳城中学支教帮扶,形成“组团式”长效合作,达到整体帮扶提升、互惠共赢效果。 广西根据全区各地在校学生总量变化情况,探索中小学编制实行“基础编+周转编”管理模式,每2—3年重新核定编制并回收和重新分配周转编制。市、县建立灵活的用编用人调配机制,按学年动态调整周转编制配备,推动“县管校聘”管理改革,优化区域内编制资源和师资力量均衡配置。 柳州市创设教师“市招县用”新模式。在蓄满编制总“周转池”的同时,广西采取“区、市、县”三级联动管理,由单一“周转池”联通为“周转池”网络,做到自治区层面整体调控,各市、县分级下达使用,精确调节分配到校,形成“全区一体、余缺调剂、周转使用”的中小学教职工编制管理新机制。 全程跟踪让周转编制“放得出、收得回、转得动” 梧州市一所高中因学科可持续发展的需要,要引进3名“双一流”人才,但学校核定编制已满编,无法引进,便向编制“周转池”提出申请。教育行政部门按照“基础编+周转编”的管理模式,批准该校“借走”3个周转编制使用,等该校有空余编制时再归还,解决了因事业编制紧缺制约教师队伍发展的问题,打通了学校高层次人才引进的堵点。 周转编制的“生命力”在于周转,广西对周转编制实行从“放出”到“收回”再到“轮转”的全过程跟踪调控,确保周转编制“放得出、收得回、转得动”,为“周转池”配上灵活的调配“阀门”。 同时,明确中小学教职工周转编制专编专用,不得挪作他用,中小学只有在核定的事业编制满编或超编情况下,才能申请使用周转编制。使用周转编制的中小学事业编制出现空编后,使用周转编制的人员即转为使用核定的事业编制,通过强化规范管理,确保周转编制“放得出”。 为提高编制使用效率,当已使用周转编制的中小学出现空编时,系统会自动预警,自动收回所分配的周转编制,返回到“周转池”中,确保“周转池”有充足的编制存量供全区中小学循环使用,依托技术创新确保周转编制“收得回”。周转编制的使用由市、县(市、区)教育主管部门提出意见,同级党委编办对周转编制的使用进行实时监测、实时预警、效益分析,在分配的限额内实施精准调剂,人力资源社会保障部门依据分配到校的周转编制指导教育主管部门和学校动态调整岗位设置,确保周转编制“转得动”。(本报记者 周仕敏) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |